用任何方式带开一个文件的时候，根据文件的扩展名， 调用相应的程序打开。有一点像 MS 的 Explore ，
具体做法 , 在 .emacs 中写
下面的另一种方法更好一些。
(defvar wcy-dired-find-file-cmds-alist `(("\\.xls$" "start" file-name) ("\\.doc$" "start" file-name) ("\\.pdf$" "xpdf" file-name) ("\\.rar$" "start" file-name) ("\\.zip$" "start" file-name) ("\\.ppt$" "start" file-name))第一个字符串表示过滤文件的正则表达式。 表示那些文件不用 emacs 打开。而是用外部程序打开。
后面的内容对于 windows 系统没有什么 用，在 windows 系统下会根据注册的文件类型打开文件。
在 Unix 系统下， 后面的元素指明的打开某一个文件的方式。 符号 file-name 表示文件的全名。")
(defun wcy-open-file-via-extension(&optional file-name) (interactive "fOpen file:") (let ((cmd (cdr (find-if (lambda (x) (string-match (car x) file-name)) wcy-dired-find-file-cmds-alist)))) (if (not cmd) nil (setq cmd (mapcar (lambda (s) (if (eq s 'file-name) file-name s)) cmd)) (cond ((eq system-type 'windows-nt) (w32-shell-execute 'open file-name)) (t (let* ((process (apply 'start-process-shell-command "no name" (get-buffer-create "*open file*") cmd)) (status (process-status process))) (princ (apply 'concat "start process: " cmd)))))))) (defun wcy-dired-find-file() (interactive) (let* ((file-name (file-name-sans-versions (dired-get-filename) t))) (when (not (and (file-exists-p file-name) (file-regular-p file-name) (wcy-open-file-via-extension file-name))) (dired-find-file)))) (defun wcy-dired-mouse-find-file-other-window (event) "In dired, visit the file or directory name you click on." (interactive "e") (let (file) (save-excursion (set-buffer (window-buffer (posn-window (event-end event)))) (save-excursion (goto-char (posn-point (event-end event))) (setq file (dired-get-filename)))) (when (not (wcy-open-file-via-extension file)) (select-window (posn-window (event-end event))) (find-file-other-window (file-name-sans-versions file t))))) (defun wcy-dired-mouse-find-file (event) "In dired, visit the file or directory name you click on." (interactive "e") (let (file) (save-excursion (set-buffer (window-buffer (posn-window (event-end event)))) (save-excursion (goto-char (posn-point (event-end event))) (setq file (dired-get-filename)) (when (not (wcy-open-file-via-extension file)) (select-window (posn-window (event-end event))) (dired-find-file)))))) (add-hook 'dired-mode-hook 'wcy-dired-mode-hook) (defun wcy-dired-mode-hook () ;; Set buffer-local variables here. For example: (setq dired-omit-files-p t) (define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "[" ) 'backward-page) (define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "]" ) 'forward-page) (define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "<M-up>" ) 'dired-up-directory) (define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "ESC <up>" ) 'dired-up-directory) (define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "<down-mouse-1>" ) 'ignore) (define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "<double-mouse-1>" ) 'wcy-dired-mouse-find-file) (substitute-key-definition 'dired-find-file 'wcy-dired-find-file dired-mode-map) (substitute-key-definition 'dired-mouse-find-file-other-window 'wcy-dired-mouse-find-file-other-window dired-mode-map) (substitute-key-definition 'dired-next-line 'dired-next-file-line dired-mode-map) (substitute-key-definition 'dired-previous-line 'dired-previous-file-line dired-mode-map) (setq dired-omit-files "^\\.?#\\|^\\.$\\|^\\.[^.]*$") ;; remove .pdf .dvi from the default value. (setq dired-omit-extensions '("CVS/" ".o" "~" ".bin" ".lbin" ".fasl" ".ufsl" ".a" ".ln" ".blg" ".bbl" ".elc" ".lof" ".glo" ".idx" ".lot" ".fmt" ".tfm" ".class" ".fas" ".lib" ".x86f" ".sparcf" ".lo" ".la" ".toc" ".log" ".aux" ".cp" ".fn" ".ky" ".pg" ".tp" ".vr" ".cps" ".fns" ".kys" ".pgs" ".tps" ".vrs" ".idx" ".lof" ".lot" ".glo" ".blg" ".bbl" ".cp" ".cps" ".fn" ".fns" ".ky" ".kys" ".pg" ".pgs" ".tp" ".tps" ".vr" ".vrs")) (define-key dired-mode-map (kbd "/") 'dired-omit-expunge)
下面是另一种方法。不是特别好。
(defun define-trivial-mode(mode-prefix file-regexp &optional command) (or command (setq command mode-prefix)) (let ((mode-command (intern (concat mode-prefix "-mode")))) (fset mode-command `(lambda () (interactive) (progn (start-process-shell-command ,mode-prefix nil ,command (buffer-file-name)) (kill-buffer (current-buffer))) (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist (cons file-regexp mode-command)))))) (define-trivial-mode "xpdf" "\.pdf$")
可以根据你的需要，在添加一些新的东西，
(define-trivial-mode "ghostview" "\.ps$" "gv") (define-trivial-mode "xdvi" "\.dvi$" "xdvi") ...
不能说这个东西是我写的，我在 emacs wiki 上溜达的时候，碰到的， 不过我做了一个很小的改动
(progn
(start-process-shell-command ,mode-prefix nil
,command (buffer-file-name))
(kill-buffer (current-buffer)))
部分，原来是
(start-process ,mode-prefix (current-buffer)
,command (buffer-file-name))))
原来是会用 emacs 打开 ps 或者 pdf 文件，但是那样做没有意义， 我也不想看懂ps 或者 pdf 文件，尽管他们是文本文件，但在我看来 和binary 的没有区别，天书。
于是我就，kill-process ，发现，process 没有了，gv 就会收到 SIGHUP ，自己就关闭了，不爽，于是 把 (current-buffer) 改为 nil , 解决了 !
但是还有一点不爽,在用 dired 的时候，打开文件之后， dired 的 buffer 就跑到最下面去了，结果就是一个不相干的 buffer 出来了， 我还要用 C-x b 找回来刚刚的dired buffer .